小熊猫和大熊猫是不是近亲？可别认错国宝！

小熊猫和大熊猫是不是近亲？可别认错国宝！

2024-10-31 21:30

“你看那个小熊猫了吗？”

小熊猫成了近期一部热门电影

《青春变形记》的代名词

影片中的主人公是13岁的小女孩小美

一旦兴奋或压力过大时

就会变身成为一只巨型红色小熊猫

不管是看完电影的人

还是只在网上看到精彩片段的人

都记住了一个关键词——小熊猫

毕竟

还有什么比可爱更具杀伤力的呢？

ntent="[{"type":"block","id":"v7VF-1647918772135","name":"paragraph","data":{},"nodes":[{"type":"text","id":"hnNJ-1647918772134","leaves":[{"text":"“你看那个小熊猫了吗？”","marks":[{"type":"fontSize","value":18}]}]}],"state":{}},{"type":"block","id":"wMdn-1647854383122","name":"paragraph","data":{},"nodes":[{"type":"text","id":"NJO2-1647854383120","leaves":[{"text":"小熊猫，成了近期一部热议电影《青春变形记》的代名词。","marks":[{"type":"fontSize","value":18}]}]}],"state":{}},{"type":"block","id":"blME-1647854409965","name":"paragraph","data":{},"nodes":[{"type":"text","id":"vJat-1647854409964","leaves":[{"text":"影片中的主人公是13岁的小女孩小美，正值青春期的她，一旦兴奋或压力过大时，就会变身成为一只巨型红色小熊猫。","marks":[{"type":"fontSize","value":18}]}]}],"state":{}},{"type":"block","id":"NlMI-1647854419297","name":"paragraph","data":{},"nodes":[{"type":"text","id":"V0d2-1647854419295","leaves":[{"text":"不管是看完电影的人，还是只在网上瞥到片段的人，都记住了一个关键词——小熊猫。","marks":[{"type":"fontSize","value":18}]}]}],"state":{}},{"type":"block","id":"DRnq-1647856455108","name":"paragraph","data":{},"nodes":[{"type":"text","id":"F0xw-1647856455107","leaves":[{"text":"毕竟，还有什么比可爱更具杀伤力的呢？","marks":[{"type":"fontSize","value":18}]}]}],"state":{}},{"type":"block","id":"iUjI-1647856505016","name":"paragraph","data":{},"nodes":[{"type":"text","id":"35ly-1647856505014","leaves":[{"text":"","marks":[{"type":"fontSize","value":18}]}]}],"state":{}},{"type":"block","id":"xyPO-1647854443588","name":"paragraph","data":{},"nodes":[{"type":"text","id":"Lbr8-1647854443587","leaves":[{"text":"Part 1 小熊猫：我可没有故意卖萌","marks":[{"type":"bold"},{"type":"fontSize","value":18}]}]}],"state":{}},{"type":"block","id":"lpTE-1647856545384","name":"paragraph","data":{},"nodes":[{"type":"text","id":"Lb0V-1647856545376","leaves":[{"text":"","marks":[{"type":"fontSize","value":18}]}]}],"state":{}},{"type":"block","id":"px7h-1647930297052","name":"paragraph","data":{},"nodes":[{"type":"text","id":"lqq8-1647930297050","leaves":[{"text":"卖萌，其实并非小熊猫的本意。在人们眼中萌到冒泡的许多行为，都是小熊猫的自然生活习性，比如它总在吃吃吃，一副很贪吃的样子。","marks":[{"type":"fontSize","value":18}]}]}],"state":{}},{"type":"block","id":"ImMJ-1647917817730","name":"paragraph","data":{"version":1},"nodes":[{"type":"text","id":"zap2-1647917817721","leaves":[{"text":"但不要误会，它只是为了生存。","marks":[{"type":"fontSize","value":18}]}]}],"state":{}},{"type":"block","id":"1FIt-1647918346450","name":"paragraph","data":{"version":1},"nodes":[{"type":"text","id":"UsCq-1647918346448","leaves":[{"text":"众所周知小熊猫的主食是竹子，偶尔吃一些果子，基本上是“素食”选手，它的肠胃却是实实在在的食肉动物肠胃。","marks":[{"type":"fontSize","value":18}]}]}],"state":{}},{"type":"block","id":"JZc3-1647918433648","name":"paragraph","data":{"version":1},"nodes":[{"type":"text","id":"Y580-1647918433647","leaves":[{"text":"小熊猫的消化道比较短，体长和消化道之比为1:4.7，和食肉动物十分相似，而食草动物的消化道一般都比较长，可以充分消化草类。","marks":[{"type":"fontSize","value":18}]}]}],"state":{}},{"type":"block","id":"eMdG-1647918512930","name":"paragraph","data":{"version":1},"nodes":[{"type":"text","id":"iR4l-1647918512922","leaves":[{"text":"小熊猫的肠胃结构也十分简单，囊状的胃，较短的结肠，没有盲肠，这样的消化道结构让它在消化竹子时，消化率较低，有研究数据表明只有30%左右。","marks":[{"type":"fontSize","value":18}]}]}],"state":{}},{"type":"block","id":"uBjn-1647928860927","name":"paragraph","data":{"version":1},"nodes":[{"type":"text","id":"7o0n-1647928860925","leaves":[{"text":"也就是说，小熊猫的“吃饭有效率”实在不太高。","marks":[{"type":"fontSize","value":18}]}]}],"state":{}},{"type":"block","id":"WAXq-1647918775987","name":"paragraph","data":{"version":1},"nodes":[{"type":"text","id":"dNlk-1647918775986","leaves":[{"text":"再加上竹子纤维素含量很高，粗蛋白等营养物质含量却不高，小熊猫吃一顿饭的收益简直就是折上折，所以小熊猫的生存策略就是：多吃，通频繁进食，来保证获得到充足的营养和能量。","marks":[{"type":"fontSize","value":18}]}]}],"state":{}},{"type":"block","id":"Qyiw-1647929540120","name":"paragraph","data":{"version":1},"nodes":[{"type":"text","id":"iUCt-1647929540118","leaves":[{"text":"在不少动物园，看小熊猫干饭都成了“保留节目”，比如广州动物园，常常一群小熊猫排排坐吃果果，但根本不用担心它们会不会吃撑。","marks":[{"type":"fontSize","value":18}]}]}],"state":{}},{"type":"block","id":"Oyvt-1647930756262","name":"paragraph","data":{"version":1},"nodes":[{"type":"text","id":"AKtQ-1647930756261","leaves":[{"text":"吃饱了之后，小熊猫就迎来了另一件人生大事：睡觉。","marks":[{"type":"fontSize","value":18}]}]}],"state":{}},{"type":"block","id":"ten1-1647930818293","name":"paragraph","data":{"version":1},"nodes":[{"type":"text","id":"J66r-1647930818292","leaves":[{"text":"小熊猫的睡姿总是千奇百怪，侧躺、仰卧、趴地、蹲坐等等，在一个完整昼夜也就是24小时内，小熊猫平均要休息9-13小时左右。","marks":[{"type":"fontSize","value":18}]}]}],"state":{}},{"type":"block","id":"i39S-1647932108708","name":"paragraph","data":{"version":1},"nodes":[{"type":"text","id":"lXAP-1647932108707","leaves":[{"text":"而它并不是在夜晚完整休息，而是白天、夜晚一段一段地休息。","marks":[{"type":"fontSize","value":18}]}]}],"state":{}},{"type":"block","id":"y27i-1647931926026","name":"paragraph","data":{"version":1},"nodes":[{"type":"text","id":"RNDG-1647931926025","leaves":[{"text":"有研究观察数据表明，小熊猫每24小时内会平均休息4.84次，其中长于2小时的长休息有2次以上，44%的长休息发生白天，剩下的发生在夜晚。","marks":[{"type":"fontSize","value":18}]}]}],"state":{}},{"type":"block","id":"PMxC-1647933236650","name":"paragraph","data":{"version":1},"nodes":[{"type":"text","id":"C0p8-1647933236648","leaves":[{"text":"一只“猫猫虫”。","marks":[{"type":"fontSize","value":18}]}]}],"state":{}},{"type":"block","id":"Q5yd-1647933127576","name":"paragraph","data":{"version":1},"nodes":[{"type":"text","id":"CrTj-1647933127574","leaves":[{"text":"所以，按照概率来看，去动物园很容易遇到白天睡觉的小熊猫，而它们趴下的样子总是显得分外惬意。毕竟，小熊猫能有什么烦恼呢。","marks":[{"type":"fontSize","value":18}]}]}],"state":{}},{"type":"block","id":"9KD1-1647933448516","name":"paragraph","data":{"version":1},"nodes":[{"type":"text","id":"wcRW-1647933448515","leaves":[{"text":"网上还有一种很常见的小熊猫“卖萌行为”——突然站立。","marks":[{"type":"fontSize","value":18}]}]}],"state":{}},{"type":"block","id":"YO5I-1647933692776","name":"paragraph","data":{"version":1},"nodes":[{"type":"text","id":"k5RC-1647933692774","leaves":[{"text":"这其实是小熊猫的一种备战状态，当它感到威胁或受到惊吓时，就会突然站起来张开双臂。","marks":[{"type":"fontSize","value":18}]}]}],"state":{}},{"type":"block","id":"68t9-1647934170755","name":"paragraph","data":{"version":1},"nodes":[{"type":"text","id":"Z6ij-1647934170747","leaves":[{"text":"全身几乎都是火红色的小熊猫，只有腹部是深棕色的毛发，站起来不但可以显示出“腹黑”的一面，还能让自己看起来“显得大”。","marks":[{"type":"fontSize","value":18}]}]}],"state":{}},{"type":"block","id":"Lteg-1647934206775","name":"paragraph","data":{"version":1},"nodes":[{"type":"text","id":"wO0c-1647934206774","leaves":[{"text":"总结一下小熊猫的一天，一半时间玩，一半时间睡，中间再穿插着吃，着实是令人羡慕呀。","marks":[{"type":"fontSize","value":18}]}]}],"state":{}}]" style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;">

卖萌，其实并非小熊猫的本意

在人们眼中萌到冒泡的许多行为

都是小熊猫的自然生活习性

比如它总在吃吃吃

一副很贪吃的样子

实际上它只是为了生存

众所周知小熊猫的主食是竹子

基本上是“素食”选手

但它的肠胃却是实实在在的食肉动物肠胃

这样的消化道结构

让它在消化竹子时消化率较低

所以小熊猫的生存策略就是多吃

来保证获得到充足的营养和能量

吃饱了之后

小熊猫就迎来了另一件人生大事：睡觉

一个完整昼夜也就是24小时

小熊猫平均要休息9-13小时左右

而它并不是在夜晚完整休息

而是白天、夜晚一段一段地休息

所以去动物园

很容易遇到白天睡觉的小熊猫

而它们趴下的样子总是显得分外惬意

毕竟，小熊猫能有什么烦恼呢？

小熊猫的名字颇有迷惑性

让人一看就觉得

它一定和国宝大熊猫有什么亲戚关系

从体形和外形来看

小熊猫和浣熊更接近

但从名字看，它和大熊猫更像

那么，到底谁是它的亲戚呢？

在《动物的奇葩说》一书中

作者就曾幽默地调侃道：

“如果你亲眼见过小熊猫，那么你可能已经成功地猜到在这个名字里，有问题的不是‘小’，而是‘熊猫’。”

小熊猫和大熊猫的确有亲戚关系

却没有想象中那么亲密

它们只是同属食肉目的远亲而已

在血缘上

小熊猫更接近臭鼬、浣熊和黄鼠狼

大熊猫和小熊猫的“同款趴趴”

尽管只是远亲

但小熊猫和大熊猫

却有一段不得不说的“夺名之仇”

——大熊猫的名字“Panda”

是从小熊猫身上抢来的

最初，“Panda”是小熊猫的名字

ntent="[{"type":"block","id":"bIem-1647929316671","name":"paragraph","data":{},"nodes":[{"type":"text","id":"gBXZ-1647929316670","leaves":[{"text":"小熊猫不是熊猫，也不是熊，在血缘上它们更接近臭鼬、浣熊和黄鼠狼。","marks":[{"type":"fontSize","value":18}]}]}],"state":{}},{"type":"block","id":"MTdd-1647934440194","name":"paragraph","data":{},"nodes":[{"type":"text","id":"dtlH-1647934440193","leaves":[{"text":"","marks":[{"type":"fontSize","value":18}]}]}],"state":{}},{"type":"block","id":"y2qf-1647934440752","name":"paragraph","data":{},"nodes":[{"type":"text","id":"tVFl-1647934440751","leaves":[{"text":"小熊猫和大熊猫只是同属食肉目的远亲而已。","marks":[{"type":"fontSize","value":18}]}]}],"state":{}},{"type":"block","id":"FKnO-1647934446482","name":"paragraph","data":{},"nodes":[{"type":"text","id":"S5Cd-1647934446481","leaves":[{"text":"不过，它们的确有一个共同点，那就是竹子在它们的饮食中都占据了非常重要的位置。","marks":[{"type":"fontSize","value":18}]}]}],"state":{}},{"type":"block","id":"izGE-1647934449085","name":"paragraph","data":{},"nodes":[{"type":"text","id":"Zs2l-1647934449083","leaves":[{"text":"不过有趣的是，大熊猫的名字“Panda”其实是从小熊猫这里抢来的。","marks":[{"type":"fontSize","value":18}]}]}],"state":{}},{"type":"block","id":"Tko1-1647934507140","name":"paragraph","data":{},"nodes":[{"type":"text","id":"aW7J-1647934507132","leaves":[{"text":"在科学历史上，小熊猫的发现比大熊猫早上半个多世纪，小熊猫被发现于1852年，而大熊猫被发现于1869年。","marks":[{"type":"fontSize","value":18}]}]}],"state":{}},{"type":"block","id":"x300-1647934520302","name":"paragraph","data":{},"nodes":[{"type":"text","id":"ykt2-1647934520301","leaves":[{"text":"最早，“panda”是小熊猫的名字，这个词可能是从尼泊尔语衍生而来的，用来形容“吃竹子的动物”或“抓着竹子啃的动物”。","marks":[{"type":"fontSize","value":18}]}]}],"state":{}},{"type":"block","id":"bZbw-1647934745446","name":"paragraph","data":{"version":1},"nodes":[{"type":"text","id":"Qc7w-1647934745444","leaves":[{"text":"","marks":[{"type":"fontSize","value":18}]}]}],"state":{}},{"type":"block","id":"F9X3-1647934449287","name":"paragraph","data":{},"nodes":[{"type":"text","id":"aAfi-1647934449285","leaves":[{"text":"有趣的是，“panda”（熊猫）这个词最早出现于19世纪中叶，而且用在小熊猫身上，并非大熊猫。","marks":[{"type":"fontSize","value":18}]}]}],"state":{}},{"type":"block","id":"CaPi-1647934745600","name":"paragraph","data":{},"nodes":[{"type":"text","id":"OcdO-1647934745598","leaves":[{"text":"直到20世纪初，在外形上和小熊猫有些相似的大熊猫被人熟知，这个词才被套用在了大熊猫身上。然而，熊猫如今成了大熊猫的专属名称。","marks":[{"type":"fontSize","value":18}]}]}],"state":{}},{"type":"block","id":"oCDK-1647934690730","name":"paragraph","data":{},"nodes":[{"type":"text","id":"iglc-1647934690729","leaves":[{"text":"","marks":[{"type":"fontSize","value":18}]}]}],"state":{}},{"type":"block","id":"mrql-1647934691641","name":"paragraph","data":{},"nodes":[{"type":"text","id":"Kb4a-1647934691640","leaves":[{"text":"至于小熊猫，它们仍然拥有许多不准确的外号，比如红熊猫、猫熊，还有“火狐”。很显然，小熊猫既不是熊，也不是猫，更不像狐狸，身上也没有着火。","marks":[{"type":"fontSize","value":18}]}]}],"state":{}},{"type":"block","id":"qR0b-1647916114399","name":"paragraph","data":{},"nodes":[{"type":"text","id":"ZCtb-1647916114398","leaves":[{"text":"","marks":[{"type":"fontSize","value":18}]}]}],"state":{}},{"type":"block","id":"FUGi-1647931681197","name":"paragraph","data":{"style":null},"nodes":[{"type":"text","id":"onkt-1647931681195","leaves":[{"text":"","marks":[]}]}],"state":{}},{"type":"block","id":"jonj-1647934707280","name":"paragraph","data":{"style":null},"nodes":[{"type":"text","id":"OkRX-1647934707279","leaves":[{"text":"","marks":[]}]}],"state":{}},{"type":"block","id":"Eg6i-1647934692357","name":"paragraph","data":{"style":null},"nodes":[{"type":"text","id":"5JrQ-1647934692356","leaves":[{"text":"1825年，法国动物学家弗列德利克·居维叶（Frédéric Cuvier）正式发表文章，向科学界介绍了小熊猫这一物种，当时它的英文名就是Panda。","marks":[]}]}],"state":{}},{"type":"block","id":"J7rb-1647934693248","name":"paragraph","data":{"style":null,"version":1},"nodes":[{"type":"text","id":"xXOF-1647934693247","leaves":[{"text":"","marks":[]}]}],"state":{}},{"type":"block","id":"8KD3-1647934693250","name":"paragraph","data":{"style":null,"version":1},"nodes":[{"type":"text","id":"jDNm-1647934693249","leaves":[{"text":"而大熊猫的命名，则是45年后的事情了——大熊猫由法国传教士阿尔芒·戴维神父（谭卫道）（Fr Jean Pierre Armand David）于1869年发现，1870年由法国的动物学家A·米尔恩·爱德华兹（Alphonse Milne-Edwards）描述定名，其英文名为Giant Panda。","marks":[]}]}],"state":{}},{"type":"block","id":"om61-1647934693252","name":"paragraph","data":{"style":null,"version":1},"nodes":[{"type":"text","id":"rs6b-1647934693251","leaves":[{"text":"","marks":[]}]}],"state":{}},{"type":"block","id":"eahV-1647934693254","name":"paragraph","data":{"style":null,"version":1},"nodes":[{"type":"text","id":"1Epm-1647934693253","leaves":[{"text":"后来，或许是因为大熊猫的配色过于醒目、形象太过喜人、吨位也占据了明显优势，于是慢慢抢走了Panda这个名字，而小熊猫则被迫改名为Red Panda和Lesser Panda。","marks":[]}]}],"state":{}},{"type":"block","id":"NyGH-1647934715510","name":"paragraph","data":{"style":null,"version":1},"nodes":[{"type":"text","id":"xkmx-1647934715509","leaves":[{"text":"","marks":[]}]}],"state":{}},{"type":"block","id":"mw6u-1647934715860","name":"paragraph","data":{"style":null,"version":1},"nodes":[{"type":"text","id":"REZj-1647934715859","leaves":[{"text":"","marks":[]}]}],"state":{}},{"type":"block","id":"Ojw0-1647934687568","name":"paragraph","data":{},"nodes":[{"type":"text","id":"ZVoC-1647934687567","leaves":[{"text":"","marks":[{"type":"fontSize","value":18}]}]}],"state":{}},{"type":"block","id":"IqLq-1647932372457","name":"paragraph","data":{},"nodes":[{"type":"text","id":"PyQV-1647932372455","leaves":[{"text":"","marks":[{"type":"fontSize","value":18}]}]}],"state":{}}]">

然而“Giant Panda”熊猫凭着憨厚的外表

和同样爱吃竹子的习性

堂而皇之地占据了“Panda”之名

而小熊猫被迫改名为

Red Panda和Lesser Panda

夏季是秦岭野生动物园

一年中最热闹的时候

所到之处无不让人欣喜

活泼、快乐的气氛在园中蔓延

眼睛所到之处皆是绿意

阳光和熙、芳草茵茵

景色悠然、环境宜人

成荫的绿树、缤纷的花儿

耳听鸟语声，清风徐来

动物园的美景

不仅吸引着游客们前来观赏

动物朋友们也被这绿意的景色所吸引

纷纷走出“房门”

感受夏日的美好

这里有着让人开心的神奇魔力

在这个热闹非凡的夏日

带上小朋友们一起来秦岭野生动物园

看萌趣动物

感受萌兽们的独特魅力吧

来源：西安旅游集团

编辑：慧敏 | 视觉：李妍

责校：尘一 | 审核：百解

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